9° GRADE

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 15th 2013

TOPIC: PHRASAL VERBS

Some phrasal verbs require a direct object (someone/something), while others do not. Some phrasal verbs can be separated by the object, while others cannot. Review this phrasal verbs grammar from time to time so that you don't forget the rules!

	Verb	Meaning	Example
1.	ask someone out	invite on a date	Brian asked Judy out to dinner and a movie.
2.	ask around	ask many people the same question	I asked around but nobody has seen my wallet.
3.	add up to something	equal	Your purchases add up to $205.32.
4.	back something up	reverse	You'll have to back up your car so that I can get out.
5.	back someone up	support	My wife backed me up over my decision to quit my job.
6.	blow up	explode	The racing car blew up after it crashed into the fence.
7.	blow something up	add air	We have to blow 50 balloons up for the party.
8.	break down	stop functioning (vehicle, machine)	Our car broke down at the side of the highway in the snowstorm.
9.	break down	get upset	The woman broke down when the police told her that her son had died.
10.	break somethingdown	divide into smaller parts	Our teacher broke the final projectdown into three separate parts.
11.	break in	force entry to a building	Somebody broke in last night and stole our stereo.
12.	break into something	enter forcibly	The firemen had to break into the room to rescue the children.
13.	break something in	wear something a few times so that it doesn't look/feel new	I need to break these shoes in before we run next week.
14.	break in	interrupt	The TV station broke in to report the news of the president's death.
15.	break up	end a relationship	My boyfriend and I broke up before I moved to America.
16.	break up	start laughing (informal)	The kids just broke up as soon as the clown started talking.
17.	break out	escape	The prisoners broke out of jail when the guards weren't looking.
18.	break out insomething	develop a skin condition	I broke out in a rash after our camping trip.
19.	bring someone down	make unhappy	This sad music is bringing me down.
20.	bring someone up	raise a child	My grandparents brought me up after my parents died.
21.	bring something up	start talking about a subject	My mother walks out of the room when my father brings up sports.
22.	bring something up	vomit	He drank so much that he brought his dinner up in the toilet.
23.	call around	phone many different places/people	We called around but we weren't able to find the car part we needed.
24.	call someone back	return a phone call	I called the company back but the offices were closed for the weekend.
25.	call something off	cancel	Jason called the wedding off because he wasn't in love with his fiancé.
26.	call on someone	ask for an answer or opinion	The professor called on me for question 1.
27.	call on someone	visit someone	We called on you last night but you weren't home.
28.	call someone up	phone	Give me your phone number and I willcall you up when we are in town.
29.	calm down	relax after being angry	You are still mad. You need to calm down before you drive the car.
30.	not care forsomeone/something	not like (formal)	I don't care for his behaviour.
31.	catch up	get to the same point as someone else	You'll have to run faster than that if you want to catch up with Marty.
32.	check in	arrive and register at a hotel or airport	We will get the hotel keys when wecheck in.
33.	check out	leave a hotel	You have to check out of the hotel before 11:00 AM.
34.	checksomeone/somethingout	look at carefully, investigate	The company checks out all new employees.
35.	check outsomeone/something	look at (informal)	Check out the crazy hair on that guy!
36.	cheer up	become happier	She cheered up when she heard the good news.
37.	cheer someone up	make happier	I brought you some flowers to cheeryou up.
38.	chip in	help	If everyone chips in we can get the kitchen painted by noon.
39.	clean something up	tidy, clean	Please clean up your bedroom before you go outside.
40.	come acrosssomething	find unexpectedly	I came across these old photos when I was tidying the closet.
41.	come apart	separate	The top and bottom come apart if you pull hard enough.
42.	come down withsomething	become sick	My nephew came down with chicken pox this weekend.
43.	come forward	volunteer for a task or to give evidence	The woman came forward with her husband's finger prints.
44.	come fromsomewhere	originate in	The art of origami comes from Asia.
45.	count onsomeone/something	rely on	I am counting on you to make dinner while I am out.
46.	cross something out	draw a line through	Please cross out your old address and write your new one.
47.	cut back onsomething	consume less	My doctor wants me to cut back onsweets and fatty foods.
48.	cut something down	make something fall to the ground	We had to cut the old tree in our yarddown after the storm.
49.	cut in	interrupt	Your father cut in while I was dancing with your uncle.
50.	cut in	pull in too closely in front of another vehicle	The bus driver got angry when that carcut in.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 16th 2013

TOPIC: PHRASAL VERBS

1.	cut in	start operating (of an engine or electrical device)	The air conditioner cuts in when the temperature gets to 22°C.
2.	cut something off	remove with something sharp	The doctors cut off his leg because it was severely injured.
3.	cut something off	stop providing	The phone company cut off our phone because we didn't pay the bill.
4.	cut someone off	take out of a will	My grandparents cut my father off when he remarried.
5.	cut something out	remove part of something (usually with scissors and paper)	I cut this ad out of the newspaper.
6.	dosomeone/somethingover	beat up, ransack (Br.E., informal)	He's lucky to be alive. His shop wasdone over by a street gang.
7.	do something over	do again (N.Amer.)	My teacher wants me to do my essayover because she doesn't like my topic.
8.	do away withsomething	discard	It's time to do away with all of these old tax records.
9.	do something up	fasten, close	Do your coat up before you go outside. It's snowing!
10.	dress up	wear nice clothing	It's a fancy restaurant so we have todress up.
11.	drop back	move back in a position/group	Andrea dropped back to third place when she fell off her bike.
12.	drop in/by/over	come without an appointment	I might drop in/by/over for tea sometime this week.
13.	dropsomeone/somethingoff	take someone/something somewhere and leave them/it there	I have to drop my sister off at work before I come over.
14.	drop out	quit a class, school etc	I dropped out of Science because it was too difficult.
15.	eat out	eat at a restaurant	I don't feel like cooking tonight. Let's eat out.
16.	end up	eventually reach/do/decide	We ended up renting a movie instead of going to the theatre.
17.	fall apart	break into pieces	My new dress fell apart in the washing machine.
18.	fall down	fall to the ground	The picture that you hung up last nightfell down this morning.
19.	fall out	separate from an interior	The money must have fallen out of my pocket.
20.	fall out	(of hair, teeth) become loose and unattached	His hair started to fall out when he was only 35.
21.	figure something out	understand, find the answer	I need to figure out how to fit the piano and the bookshelf in this room.
22.	fill something in	to write information in blanks (Br.E.)	Please fill in the form with your name, address, and phone number.
23.	fill something out	to write information in blanks (N.Amer.)	The form must be filled out in capital letters.
24.	fill something up	fill to the top	I always fill the water jug up when it is empty.
25.	find out	discover	We don't know where he lives. How can we find out?
26.	find something out	discover	We tried to keep the time of the party a secret, but Samantha found it out.
27.	get somethingacross/over	communicate, make understandable	I tried to get my point across/over to the judge but she wouldn't listen.
28.	get along/on	like each other	I was surprised how well my new girlfriend and my sister got along/on.
29.	get around	have mobility	My grandfather can get around fine in his new wheelchair.
30.	get away	go on a vacation	We worked so hard this year that we had to get away for a week.
31.	get away withsomething	do without being noticed or punished	Jason always gets away with cheating in his maths tests.
32.	get back	return	We got back from our vacation last week.
33.	get something back	receive something you had before	Liz finally got her Science notes backfrom my room-mate.
34.	get back at someone	retaliate, take revenge	My sister got back at me for stealing her shoes. She stole my favourite hat.
35.	get back intosomething	become interested in something again	I finally got back into my novel and finished it.
36.	get on something	step onto a vehicle	We're going to freeze out here if you don't let us get on the bus.
37.	get over something	recover from an illness, loss, difficulty	I just got over the flu and now my sister has it.
38.	get over something	overcome a problem	The company will have to close if it can'tget over the new regulations.
39.	get round tosomething	finally find time to do (N.Amer.: get around tosomething)	I don't know when I am going to get round to writing the thank you cards.
40.	get together	meet (usually for social reasons)	Let's get together for a BBQ this weekend.
41.	get up	get out of bed	I got up early today to study for my exam.
42.	get up	stand	You should get up and give the elderly man your seat.
43.	give someone away	reveal hidden information about someone	His wife gave him away to the police.
44.	give someone away	take the bride to the altar	My father gave me away at my wedding.
45.	give something away	ruin a secret	My little sister gave the surprise partyaway by accident.
46.	give something away	give something to someone for free	The library was giving away old books on Friday.
47.	give something back	return a borrowed item	I have to give these skates back to Franz before his hockey game.
48.	give in	reluctantly stop fighting or arguing	My boyfriend didn't want to go to the ballet, but he finally gave in.
49.	give something out	give to many people (usually at no cost)	They were giving out free perfume samples at the department store.
50.	give something up	quit a habit	I am giving up smoking as of January 1st.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 17th 2013

TOPIC: PHRASAL VERBS

1.	give up	stop trying	My maths homework was too difficult so I gave up.
2.	go after someone	follow someone	My brother tried to go after the thief in his car.
3.	go after something	try to achieve something	I went after my dream and now I am a published writer.
4.	go against someone	compete, oppose	We are going against the best soccer team in the city tonight.
5.	go ahead	start, proceed	Please go ahead and eat before the food gets cold.
6.	go back	return to a place	I have to go back home and get my lunch.
7.	go out	leave home to go on a social event	We're going out for dinner tonight.
8.	go out with someone	date	Jesse has been going out with Luke since they met last winter.
9.	go over something	review	Please go over your answers before you submit your test.
10.	go over	visit someone nearby	I haven't seen Tina for a long time. I think I'll go over for an hour or two.
11.	go without something	suffer lack or deprivation	When I was young, we went withoutwinter boots.
12.	grow apart	stop being friends over time	My best friend and I grew apart after she changed schools.
13.	grow back	regrow	My roses grew back this summer.
14.	grow up	become an adult	When Jack grows up he wants to be a fireman.
15.	grow out ofsomething	get too big for	Elizabeth needs a new pair of shoes because she has grown out of her old ones.
16.	grow into something	grow big enough to fit	This bike is too big for him now, but he should grow into it by next year.
17.	hand somethingdown	give something used to someone else	I handed my old comic books down to my little cousin.
18.	hand something in	submit	I have to hand in my essay by Friday.
19.	hand something out	to distribute to a group of people	We will hand out the invitations at the door.
20.	hand something over	give (usually unwillingly)	The police asked the man to hand overhis wallet and his weapons.
21.	hang in	stay positive (N.Amer., informal)	Hang in there. I'm sure you'll find a job very soon.
22.	hang on	wait a short time (informal)	Hang on while I grab my coat and shoes!
23.	hang out	spend time relaxing (informal)	Instead of going to the party we are just going to hang out at my place.
24.	hang up	end a phone call	He didn't say goodbye before he hung up.
25.	holdsomeone/somethingback	prevent from doing/going	I had to hold my dog back because there was a cat in the park.
26.	hold something back	hide an emotion	Jamie held back his tears at his grandfather's funeral.
27.	hold on	wait a short time	Please hold on while I transfer you to the Sales Department.
28.	hold ontosomeone/something	hold firmly using your hands or arms	Hold onto your hat because it's very windy outside.
29.	holdsomeone/somethingup	rob	A man in a black mask held the bank upthis morning.
30.	keep on doingsomething	continue doing	Keep on stirring until the liquid comes to a boil.
31.	keep something fromsomeone	not tell	We kept our relationship from our parents for two years.
32.	keepsomeone/somethingout	stop from entering	Try to keep the wet dog out of the living room.
33.	keep something up	continue at the same rate	If you keep those results up you will get into a great college.
34.	let someone down	fail to support or help, disappoint	I need you to be on time. Don't let medown this time.
35.	let someone in	allow to enter	Can you let the cat in before you go to school?
36.	look aftersomeone/something	take care of	I have to look after my sick grandmother.
37.	look down onsomeone	think less of, consider inferior	Ever since we stole that chocolate bar your dad has looked down on me.
38.	look forsomeone/something	try to find	I'm looking for a red dress for the wedding.
39.	look forward tosomething	be excited about the future	I'm looking forward to the Christmas break.
40.	look into something	investigate	We are going to look into the price of snowboards today.
41.	look out	be careful, vigilant, and take notice	Look out! That car's going to hit you!
42.	look out forsomeone/something	be especially vigilant for	Don't forget to look out for snakes on the hiking trail.
43.	look something over	check, examine	Can you look over my essay for spelling mistakes?
44.	look something up	search and find information in a reference book or database	We can look her phone number up on the Internet.
45.	look up to someone	have a lot of respect for	My little sister has always looked up to me.
46.	make something up	invent, lie about something	Josie made up a story about why we were late.
47.	make up	forgive each other	We were angry last night, but we made up at breakfast.
48.	make someone up	apply cosmetics to	My sisters made me up for my graduation party.
49.	mix something up	confuse two or more things	I mixed up the twins' names again!
50.	pass away	die	His uncle passed away last night after a long illness.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

FRIDAY, OCTOBER 18th 2013

TOPIC: PHRASAL VERBS

1.	pass out	faint	It was so hot in the church that an elderly lady passed out.
2.	pass something out	give the same thing to many people	The professor passed the textbooks outbefore class.
3.	pass something up	decline (usually something good)	I passed up the job because I am afraid of change.
4.	pay someone back	return owed money	Thanks for buying my ticket. I'll pay youback on Friday.
5.	pay for something	be punished for doing something bad	That bully will pay for being mean to my little brother.
6.	pick something out	choose	I picked out three sweaters for you to try on.
7.	pointsomeone/somethingout	indicate with your finger	I'll point my boyfriend out when he runs by.
8.	put something down	put what you are holding on a surface or floor	You can put the groceries down on the kitchen counter.
9.	put someone down	insult, make someone feel stupid	The students put the substitute teacherdown because his pants were too short.
10.	put something off	postpone	We are putting off our trip until January because of the hurricane.
11.	put something out	extinguish	The neighbours put the fire out before the firemen arrived.
12.	put somethingtogether	assemble	I have to put the crib together before the baby arrives.
13.	put up withsomeone/something	tolerate	I don't think I can put up with three small children in the car.
14.	put something on	put clothing/accessories on your body	Don't forget to put on your new earrings for the party.
15.	run intosomeone/something	meet unexpectedly	I ran into an old school-friend at the mall.
16.	run oversomeone/something	drive a vehicle over a person or thing	I accidentally ran over your bicycle in the driveway.
17.	run over/throughsomething	rehearse, review	Let's run over/through these lines one more time before the show.
18.	run away	leave unexpectedly, escape	The child ran away from home and has been missing for three days.
19.	run out	have none left	We ran out of shampoo so I had to wash my hair with soap.
20.	send something back	return (usually by mail)	My letter got sent back to me because I used the wrong stamp.
21.	set something up	arrange, organize	Our boss set a meeting up with the president of the company.
22.	set someone up	trick, trap	The police set up the car thief by using a hidden camera.
23.	shop around	compare prices	I want to shop around a little before I decide on these boots.
24.	sort something out	organize, resolve a problem	We need to sort the bills out before the first of the month.
25.	stick to something	continue doing something, limit yourself to one particular thing	You will lose weight if you stick to the diet.
26.	switch something off	stop the energy flow, turn off	The light's too bright. Could you switchit off.
27.	switch something on	start the energy flow, turn on	We heard the news as soon as weswitched on the car radio.
28.	take after someone	resemble a family member	I take after my mother. We are both impatient.
29.	take something apart	purposely break into pieces	He took the car brakes apart and found the problem.
30.	take something back	return an item	I have to take our new TV backbecause it doesn't work.
31.	take off	start to fly	My plane takes off in five minutes.
32.	take something off	remove something (usually clothing)	Take off your socks and shoes and come in the lake!
33.	take something out	remove from a place or thing	Can you take the garbage out to the street for me?
34.	take someone out	pay for someone to go somewhere with you	My grandparents took us out for dinner and a movie.
35.	tear something up	rip into pieces	I tore up my ex-boyfriend's letters and gave them back to him.
36.	think back	remember (often + to, sometimes + on)	When I think back on my youth, I wish I had studied harder.
37.	think something over	consider	I'll have to think this job offer overbefore I make my final decision.
38.	throw somethingaway	dispose of	We threw our old furniture away when we won the lottery.
39.	turn something down	decrease the volume or strength (heat, light etc)	Please turn the TV down while the guests are here.
40.	turn something down	refuse	I turned the job down because I don't want to move.
41.	turn something off	stop the energy flow, switch off	Your mother wants you to turn the TVoff and come for dinner.
42.	turn something on	start the energy, switch on	It's too dark in here. Let's turn some lights on.
43.	turn something up	increase the volume or strength (heat, light etc)	Can you turn the music up? This is my favourite song.
44.	turn up	appear suddenly	Our cat turned up after we put posters up all over the neighbourhood.
45.	try something out	test	I am going to try this new brand of detergent out.
46.	wake up	stop sleeping	We have to wake up early for work on Monday.
47.	warm up	prepare body for exercise	I always warm up by doing sit-ups before I go for a run.
48.	work out	exercise	I work out at the gym three times a week.
49.	work out	be successful	Our plan worked out fine.
50.	work something out	make a calculation	We have to work out the total cost before we buy the house.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 27th 2013

TOPIC: CONDITIONALS ZERO AND FIRST MIXED

Zero and first conditionals.

Read the questions below and decide which answer best fits each space.

1. If world is a stage, then life ... a game.
a) is
b) will be
c) would be
2. If you heat water to 100 C, it ...
a) boils
b) boil
c) will boil
3. I won't go to the party unless she ... me.
a) invites
b) doesn't invite
c) will invite
4. I ... grateful if you ... what I said to yourself.
a) will be ... will keep
b) am ... keep
c) will be ... keep
5. Unless the weather ... better, I ...
a) gets ... will arrive
b) gets ... won't arrive
c) doesn't get ... won't arrive
6. If you want to be with me, ... me that you love me.
a) tell
b) will tell
c) don't tell
7. If this is a good article, I ... Formula One driver!
a) will be
b) am
c) would be
8. I ... you any alcohol, unless you ... over 18.
a) won't sell ... are
b) won't sell ... aren't
c) will sell ... are
9. If it's true, we ... fired.
a) are
b) aren't
c) will be
10. If we have to work together, we ... cooperate.
a) will should
b) have to
c) should
11. I ... very upset if those gossips ... to be true.
a) will be ... turn out
b) am ... will turn out
c) am ... turn out
12. If I have to do this, I ...
a) do
b) will do
c) would do
13. Unless she ... her results, she ... to the concert.
a) improves ... won't go
b) improves ... will go
c) doesn't improve ... will go
14. If you take an aspirin, you ... better.
a) can feel
b) should feel
c) have to feel
15. If you're in love with someone, everything ... different.
a) is
b) are

c) will be

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

wednesday, september 25 th2013

topic: first conditional

First Conditional: real possibility

We are talking about the future. We are thinking about a particular condition or situation in the future, and the result of this condition. There is a real possibility that this condition will happen.

IF	condition	result
	present simple	WILL + base verb
If	it rains	I will stay at home.

Notice that we are thinking about a future condition. It is not raining yet. But the sky is cloudy and you think that it could rain. We use the present simple tense to talk about the possible future condition. We use WILL + base verb to talk about the possible future result. The important thing about the first conditional is that there is a real possibility that the condition will happen. Here are some more examples (do you remember the two basic structures: [IF condition result] and [result IF condition]?):

IF	condition	result
	present simple	WILL + base verb
If	I see Mary	I will tell her.
If	Tara is free tomorrow	he will invite her.
If	they do not pass their exam	their teacher will be sad.
If	it rains tomorrow	will you stay at home?
If	it rains tomorrow	what will you do?

result	IF	condition
WILL + base verb		present simple
I will tell Mary	if	I see her.
He will invite Tara	if	she is free tomorrow.
Their teacher will be sad	if	they do not pass their exam.
Will you stay at home	if	it rains tomorrow?
What will you do	if	it rains tomorrow?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
thursday, september 26th 2013

topic: first conditional
First Conditional Exercise

Put the verb into the correct first conditional form: 
1. If I __________________ (go) out tonight, I __________________ (go) to the 
cinema. 
2. If you __________________ (get) back late, I __________________ (be) 
angry. 
3. If we __________________ (not / see) each other tomorrow, we 
__________________ (see) each other next week. 
4. If he __________________ (come), I __________________ (be) surprised. 
5. If we __________________ (wait) here, we __________________ (be) late. 
6. If we __________________ (go) on holiday this summer, we 
__________________ (go) to Spain. 
7. If the weather __________________ (not / improve), we 
__________________ (not / have) a picnic. 
8. If I __________________ (not / go) to bed early, I __________________ (be) 
tired tomorrow. 
9. If we __________________ (eat) all this cake, we __________________ 
(feel) sick. 
10. If you __________________ (not / want) to go out, I __________________ 

(cook) dinner at home. 
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
thursday, september 19th 2013

topic: zero conditional 

Notice that we are thinking about a result that is always true for this condition. The result of the condition is an absolute certainty. We are not thinking about the future or the past, or even the present. We are thinking about a simple fact. We use the present simple tense to talk about the condition. We also use the present simple tense to talk about the result. The important thing about the zero conditional is that the condition always has the same result.

We can also use when instead of if, for example: When I get up late I miss my bus.

Look at some more examples in the tables below:

IF	condition	result
	present simple	present simple
If	I miss the 8 o'clock bus	I am late for work.
If	I am late for work	my boss gets angry.
If	people don't eat	they get hungry.
If	you heat ice	does it melt?

result	IF	condition
present simple		present simple
I am late for work	if	I miss the 8 o'clock bus.
My boss gets angry	if	I am late for work.
People get hungry	if	they don't eat.
Does ice melt	if	you heat it?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
tuesday, august 6th 2013

topic: connectors of addition and consequence

Adding a connector would clearly show a relationship between the two sentences and ideas.

Although the words have different grammatical names, they share one thing in common: they all continue or add to ideas that were written in the preceding sentence.   

Additionally, Besides that, Not only...but also Also Furthermore, Too And In addition, As well Moreover,

These words are not interchangeable.  In other words, you cannot remove one of these words and add any other. One thing they all have in common is that they are usually attached to clauses.  That means they are attached to a group of words that contains a subject and a verb
CONNECTORS OF  ADDITION
Moreover,

The library on 5th Avenue in New York City is one of the best places to do research.  Moreover, it has hundreds of the most respected magazines and journals in the world.

In addition,

The library on 5th Avenue in New York City is one of the best places to do research.  In addition, it has hundreds of the most respected magazines and journals in the world.

Furthermore,

The library on 5th Avenue in New York City is one of the best places to do research.  Furthermore, it has hundreds of the most respected magazines and journals in the world.

Also

The library on 5th Avenue in New York City is one of the best places to do research.  It also has hundreds of the most respected magazines and journals in the world.  *The word also comes before the verb.  If the verb is a form of to be, also is placed after the verb.

As well

The library on 5th Avenue in New York City is one of the best places to do research.  It has hundreds of the most respected magazines and journals in the worldas well.

Too

The library on 5th Avenue in New York City is one of the best places to do research.  It has hundreds of the most respected magazines and journals in the world, too.

Additionally,

The library on 5th Avenue in New York City is one of the best places to do research.  Additionally, it has hundreds of the most respected magazines and journals in the world.

And

The library on 5th Avenue in New York City is one of the best places to do research, and it has hundreds of the most respected magazines and journals in the world.

Not only. . . but also

The library on 5th Avenue in New York City is not only one of the best places to do research but alsohas hundreds of the most respected magazines and journals in the world.*The subject after but also is usually omitted if but and also remain together, and the subject is the same for both clauses (parts) of the sentence.

Besides that,

The library on 5th Avenue in New York City is one of the best places to do research.  Besides that, it has hundreds of the most respected magazines and journals in the world.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
thursday, august 8th 2013

topic: connectors of addition and consequence

connectors of consequence

• Thus (very formal): He was the eldest son, and thus, heir to the title.

• Therefore (formal, used mainly in written English): She is only seventeen and therefore not eligible to vote.
• As a result: There has been a rise in the number of accidents. As a result, the government has decided to lower the speed limit. As a result of is followed by a noun, pronoun or gerund. Can you rewrite the previous example using as a result of?
   As a result of the rise in the number of accidents, the government... 
• So (less formal): There was nothing on TV, so I decided to go to bed.
• That's why: Cold temperatures kill mosquitos, that's why you won't see them in winter.
• For this reason: The Colonel was confident that war was impending, and for this reason he hurried his preparations to leave the country.
• Consequently (used especially in written English): This poses a threat to the food chain, and consequently to human health.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

friday, august 9th 2013

topic: connectors of addition and consequence

entrega de notas parciales

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

tuesday, august 13th 2013

topic: connectors of contrast and result

viaje a bogota

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

wednesday, august 14th 2013

topic: connectors of contrast and result

viaje a bogota

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

thursday, august 15th 2013

topic: connectors of contrast and result

viaje a bogota

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

friday, august 16th 2013

topic: connectors of contrast and result

connectors of contrast

Words like on the other hand, but, or, in spite of while, whereas, however, nevertheless, still, yet and then are some of the words which, if rightly used, will connect sentences up and make your paragraphs a well-knit, organic whole. 

On the other hand; while; whereas

These expressions are used to balance two contrasting ideas that do not contradict each other.

• I like to live in the city, while / whereas my wife prefers the country.
• Electronic gadgets make life easier. On the other hand, they encourage people to be physically inactive.

However, nevertheless, still, yet, in spite of this

These sentence connectors are used to emphasize the fact that the second point contradicts with the first.

• Some of us want a new system. However, not everybody agrees.
• He is rich. Still, he leads a miserable life.
• There was little chance of success; nevertheless they decided to perform the surgery.
• James is very ambitious whereas his brother is quite the reverse.
• The flight was an hour late. In spite of this, I managed to get to the conference in time.
• We went out in spite of the rain.

connectors of result

Result

·       As a result

·       As a consequence

·       Therefore

·       Thus

·       Consequently

·       Hence

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
tuesday, august 20th 2013

topic: connectors of sequence and illustrate

We use the connectors of sequence to order events . The correct order is :

 first (primero)- next(luego)- then(entonces)- after that (después de esto)- finally (finalmente)

First, I woke up.

Next, I went to school by bus.

Then, I arrived to school.

After that, I came back home and watched TV.

Finally, I went to sleep.

solve the excercise

1. Choose the correct answers.

Hello, I'm Bart and I had a great birthday yesterday. ¹First / Next, I met my friends at the shopping centre and they bought me a present. ² Then /Finally, we had pizza at a café. ³ Finally / Next, we went to the cinema and saw a very funny comedy. ⁴ Then / First suddenly, my parents arrived. They took me to an amazing restaurant for dinner.⁵ Next / Finally, we went home and I went to bed, tired but happy.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
wednesday, august 21st 2013

topic: connectors of sequence and illustrate

1. It is important to know the order or sequence that events take place in a story. It helps you understand what you read.

Go to the next page to learn how to figure out the sequence or order of a story.

2. Look for signal words like first, next, last, before, after and finally to help you figure out the sequence. You can also use other word clues in the text or your own knowledge, “What I know clues,” to find the sequence.

3. The Gainesville City Zoo just received its first three animals. The first animal it received was a deer. The second animal it received was a monkey. The third animal it received was a lion. Children in Gainesville are excited about the opening of the zoo! 4. draw the story giving numbers to each step.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
thursday, august 22nd 2013

topic: connectors of sequence and illustrate

Great job! Now try this.
Susan made a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. First, she spread peanut butter on one slice of bread. Next, she spread jelly on one slice of bread. After spreading the jelly on, she put the two slices of bread together. Finally, she ate it. It was delicious!

now order the sentences

Next, she spread jelly on one slice of bread.
1              2              3              4	Finally, she ate it.
1              2              3              4	After spreading the jelly on, she put the two slices of bread together.
1              2              3              4	First, she spread peanut butter on one slice of bread.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
friday, august 23rd 2013

topic: connectors of sequence and illustrate

Example or Illustration:  as an illustration - for example - for instance - in particular - specifically

Group 1: Phrases Used Within A Sentence

Each phrase can be used within a sentence when it is followed by a list of items which elaborate on or show examples for the main idea of the sentence.  Here are examples:

I can play quite a few musical instruments,for example, the flute, the guitar, and the piano. I can play quite a few musical instruments,for instance, the flute, the guitar, and the piano. I can play quite a few musical instruments,e.g., the flute, the guitar, and the piano. I can play quite a few musical instruments,such as the flute, the guitar, and the piano.

Look at the last sentence with such as.  Do you see anything different with this sentence as compared to the first three?  Such as does NOT have a comma after it; the first three phrases have commas before and after them.

The phrase such as can be used in the middle of a sentence without any commas.  Take a look at this example:

Car companies such as Toyota and Ford manufacture their automobiles in many different countries around the world.

You may be wondering why there are no commas.  The answer is simple: the words after such as are necessary and essential to the meaning of the sentence.  If you take out those words, the meaning will change.  Let's take out such as:

Car companies manufacture their automobiles in many different countries around the world.

What does this sentence mean?  It could mean ALL car companies manufacture their automobiles in many different countries around the world.  This is not true because some companies produce their cars in just one or two countries.  Therefore, the phrase such as Toyota and Ford is necessary.  If these words are necessary, do not use commas.

Group 2: Phrases Used To Begin A New Sentence

Usually only for example and for instance can begin new sentences.  Each can begin a new sentence when the phrase is followed by a complete idea or sentence (not a list of items).  

My father loves going to restaurants which serve exotic foods.  For example, last week he went to a restaurant which serves deep-fried rattlesnake.  My father loves going to restaurants which serve exotic foods.  For instance, last week he went to a restaurant which serves deep-fried rattlesnake.

So, how can we make the above paragraph better?  Let's use the phrase for example.

It is apparent that when a person desires to learn a second language, he must study and use that language outside of the formal classroom setting.  If he does not use his new mode of communication, he will never truly progress to a proficient level.  He must seek as many opportunities as possible to employ that new language in "real" situations.  There are many things a student can do to supplement his learning and second language acquisition.  For example, students can attend churches where the target language is spoken.  They can make many friends and attend numerous gatherings for free.  Through these interactions, students are guaranteed opportunities to learn and practice the new language.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

tuesday, august 27th 2013
topic: reinforcement

Connectors of Addition and Contrast Read the pairs of sentences below. Which pair expresses similar ideas? Wich pair expresses contrasting ideas? Use the chart to  help you.         1. Their team has got the best players. Moreover, their coach is fantastic.                 2. Their team has got the best players. Nevertheless, they lost the last game.              CONNECTORS OF ADDITION: in addition, furthermore, moreover, as well as, also, and                CONNECTORS OF CONTRAST: however, nevertheless, on the one hand / on the other hand, in spite of / despite, although /even though, but                                                                           Choose the correct connector:         1. Lorena seems to be quite clever. ......., she often gets low marks.NeverthelessFurthermore         2. The service at this restaurant is excellent. .........., the food is delicious. HoweverIn addition               3. I've never been to Argentina, .........having relatives there. as well asdespite         4. Jordi is a careful driver. .........., he’s had several accidents. MoreoverHowever         5. Cristina loves playing sport, ........ she’s not very good at it.  andbut         6. Anna is talented at music.......... art. as well asin spite of Some connectors have got similar meanings but are followed by different structures. Despite and in spite of are followed by a noun phrase or a gerund.                                    We did not wear coats despite the cold weather.                                    I tried to look happy in spite of feeling terrible.         Even though and although are followed by a clause.                                    My car constantly needs repairs even though it’s new.                                    My cousin and I aren’t very close, although we’re the same age.          Choose the correct connector.         1. We're studying now despiteeven though there's an interesting film on TV.         2. I’d like to talk to you althoughin spite of  I know you’re busy.         3. DespiteAlthough  her efforts, she failed the exam.         4. Even thoughIn spite of we were having difficulties, we felt optimistic.         5. We didn’t win the game althoughin spite of all all our hard work. Connectors are usually written in specific places in a sentence:         At the beginning of a sentence: in addition, furthermore, morover, howevrr, nevertheless, on the one hand, on the  other  hand.         Either at the beginning or in the middle: despite, in spite of, although, even though.         Only in the middle of a sentence: and, but, also, as well as  Rewrite the following sentences using the connector in brackets. 1. Isabel apologised several times. Nevertheless, Pau wouldn’t speak to her. (but) 2. We decided to walk even though it was raining. (in spite of) 3. Roger works very hard to help his parents. He’s also a good student. (In addition) (Two different sentences)          4. I’m keen on Ice cream. In addition, I’m keen on chocolate. (as well as) 5. You’re late again. Furthermore, you haven’t brought your books. (and)         6. On the one hand, I’d love to come. On the other hand, I really haven’t got the time. (However)                   7. Rome is a great place to visit, but it has got terrible traffic problems. (despite)