tuesday, october 15th 2013

Topic: indirect questions

Indirect questions
There's more than one way to ask a question. Indirect questions are more polite and don't need a change in word order in the main question.

We use indirect questions to make our requests or questions softer or more polite. After the question word (where, when, who, how, etc) indirect questions have the same word order as positive statements.

Direct question

Where's the nearest bank please?

When is the last train on a Saturday night?

How much do two tickets cost?

Why can't you come in to work?

Indirect questions
Could you tell me Do you know Have you any idea Would you mind telling me	where the nearest bank is please? when the last train is on a Saturday night? how much two tickets cost? why you can't come in to work?

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thursday, october 17th 2013

Topic: indirect questions

If we do not begin a question directly, but begin it with something like Can you tell me...? / Do you know...? / I wonder if...? the word order is the same as in an affirmative statement.
- Direct question: What is he doing?
  Indirect question: Do you know what he is doing?
- Direct question: Where have they been?
  Indirect question: I wonder where they have been?
If the direct question contains the auxiliary do, we omit it in the indirect question.
- Direct question: What do you want?
  Indirect question: Can you tell me what you want?
- Direct question: When did she leave?
  Indirect question: Do you know when she left?
In yes / no questions, we use if or whether. The word order is the same as in reported questions.
- Direct question: Have you seen my dog?
  Indirect question: Could you tell me if you have seen my dog?

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friday, october 18th 2013

Topic: indirect questions

"Where's the station?"
"Can you tell me _______________________ ?"
1. where be the station
2. where is the station
3. where the station is
"Are you coming to the party?"
"Can you let me know if _______________________ ?"
1. are you coming to the party
2. you are coming to the party
3. to come to the party
"How does it work?"
"Can you explain _______________________ ?"
1. how it work
2. how can it work
3. how it works
"What's the the matter?"
Please tell me _______________________ ."
1. what's the matter
2. what the matter is
3. what is the matter
"Where are you from?"
"I'd like to know _______________________ ."
1. where are you from
2. where you are from
3. where're you from
"How long does it take to get there?"
"Do you know _______________________ ?"
1. how many time does it take to get there
2. how long it take to get there
3. how long it takes to get there
"Has she reached a decision yet?"
"Has she told you whether _______________________ ?"
1. she's made a decision yet
2. has she made a decision yet
3. have made a decision yet
"What time are you leaving?"
"Do you know _______________________ ?"
1. what time are you leaving
2. what time you are leaving
3. what hour are you leaving
"Does Annie know about computers?"
"I wonder whether _______________________ ."
1. does Annie know about computers
2. Annie knows about computers
3. Annie know about computers
"Excuse me. How do you get to the post office from here?"
"Could you tell us _______________________ ?"
1. how do you get to the post office
2. to get to the post office
3. how to get to the post office

Indirect Questions Quiz

Choose the correct indirect question to be used as a more polite way to form the original question. There is only one correct answer.

Q: Where do you live?

Do you know where do you live?
Could you tell me where you live?
Pardon me, I wonder if you live here.

Q: When was the building constructed?

I wonder when the building was constructed.
Could you tell me when was the building constructed?
Do you know if the building was constructed?

Q: Is there a bank near here?

Could you tell me where the bank is near here?
I wonder where is the bank.
Excuse me, do you know if there is a bank near here?

Q: How often does he arrive late for work?

I was wondering how often he arrives late for work
Do you happen to know how often he does arrive late for work?
I don't know if he arrives late for work.

Q: What type of car have you got?

I wonder what type of car have you got.
Can you tell me what type of car you've got?
Would you mind telling me if you've got a car?

Construct indirect questions using a question word.

What’s his name?
→ I have no idea .

Where did you buy this dress?
→ I can’t remember .

When will he come to see us?
→ I don’t know .

Why is she in such a bad mood today?
→ I cannot tell you .

Who is coming to the party?
→ It’s a surprise. I’m not telling you .

Construct indirect questions without a question word.

Are the shops open on Sundays?
→ I’m not sure .

Have the Smiths gone on holiday?
→ I don’t know .

Did he smoke?
→ I won’t tell you .

Are they speaking about us?
→ I don’t understand .

Is that good or bad?
→ I’d prefer not to judge .

Construct indirect questions.

Why does he suddenly want to learn judo?
→ Don’t ask me .

Did she see us?
→ I don’t know .

Have they come back yet?
→ I haven’t checked .

How is this supposed to work?
→ I have no idea .

Whose children are they?
→ How am I supposed to know ?

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Monday, september 16th 2013

Topic: reported speech Say' and 'Tell

How to Use 'Say' and 'Tell'

Reported speech
We can use say and tell to talk about reported information:

She said that it was raining.
She told me that she would call at 2pm.

We cannot use say or tell to talk about reported questions. We must use ask (or a similar verb):

She asked if I had ever been there.
They asked what I wanted to eat.
She asked where he lived.
He asked if she wanted to go home.

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Tuesday, September 17th 2013

Topic: reported speech Say' and 'Tell

Reported Statements

When do we use reported speech? Sometimes someone says a sentence, for example "I'm going to the cinema tonight". Later, maybe we want to tell someone else what the first person said.

Here's how it works:

We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell' (Click here for more about using 'say' and 'tell'). If this verb is in the present tense, it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence:

Direct speech: “I like ice cream”
Reported speech: She says she likes ice cream

We don't need to change the tense, though probably we do need to change the 'person' from 'I' to 'she', for example. We also may need to change words like 'my' and 'your'.

But, if the reporting verb is in the past tense, then usually we change the tenses in the reported speech:

Direct speech: “I like ice cream”
Reported speech: She said she liked ice cream.

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Thursday, September 19th 2013

Topic: reported speech Say' and 'Tell

look at the video

Tense	Direct Speech	Reported Speech
present simple	“I like ice cream”	She said (that) she liked ice cream.
present continuous	“I am living in London”	She said she was living in London.
past simple	“I bought a car”	She said she had bought a car OR She said she bought a car.
past continuous	“I was walking along the street”	She said she had been walking along the street.
present perfect	“I haven't seen Julie”	She said she hadn't seen Julie.
past perfect*	“I had taken English lessons before”	She said she had taken English lessons before.
will	“I'll see you later”	She said she would see me later.
would*	“I would help, but..”	She said she would help but...
can	“I can speak perfect English”	She said she could speak perfect English.
could*	“I could swim when I was four”	She said she could swim when she was four.
shall	“I shall come later”	She said she would come later.
should*	“I should call my mother”	She said she should call her mother
might*	"I might be late"	She said she might be late
must	"I must study at the weekend"	She said she must study at the weekend OR She said she had to study at the weekend

* doesn't change

Occasionally, we don't need to change the present tense into the past if the information in direct speech is still true (but this is only for things which are general facts, and even then usually we like to change the tense):

Direct speech: “The sky is blue”
Reported speech: She said that the sky is/was blue

________________________________________________________________________________
FOURTH TERM

indicadores:

1. Expresa ideas de otras

personas empleando la forma

directa e indirecta del “reported

speech.

2. Formula preguntas indirectas.

3. Consolida las competencias

desarrolladas a través de ejercicios

de mecanización en contextos

significativos.

4. Desarrolla competencias

interpretativas,

argumentativas, propositivas a

través de los

contenidos vistos en las

dimensiones mediante las

evaluaciones de síntesis.

5. Cumple

responsablemente

sus deberes

académicos y

muestra actitudes

que favorecen

su desempeño

personal y social.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
tuesday, august 20th 2013
topic: perfect modals

Type the correct perfect modal and verb form for the following sentences. Sometimes negative forms are used. When you have answered all the questions, click on the Get score button at the bottom of the page to see your score and the correct answers.

thursday, august 22nd 2013
topic: perfect modals

Did Marvin's cat pass away? He _____________ felt really sad.

Why did my son become a low paying circus clown when he _____________ become a wealthy lawyer??

If we had known about the lecture, we ____________ attended it.

I called the Stevensons, but no one answered. They ____________ gone to the country.

Those cool musicians play beautifully together. They ________ practiced a lot.

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friday, august 23rd 2013
topic: perfect modals

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monday, august 5th 2013

topic: perfect modals

Here's a list of the modal verbs in English:

can	could	may	might	will
would	must	shall	should	ought to

Modals are different from normal verbs:

1: They don't use an 's' for the third person singular.
2: They make questions by inversion ('she can go' becomes 'can she go?').
3: They are followed directly by the infinitive of another verb (without 'to').

Probability:

First, they can be used when we want to say how sure we are that something happened / is happening / will happen. We often call these 'modals of deduction' or 'speculation' or 'certainty' or 'probability'.

For example:

It's snowing, so it must be very cold outside.
I don't know where John is. He could have missed the train.
This bill can't be right. £200 for two cups of coffee!

Modals of Probability 1
Put in ‘must + infinitive’ or ‘must + have + past participle’:
1. Keiko always does really well on exams. She _____________ (study) a lot.
2. That woman drives a very expensive car. She _____________ (have) a lot of
money.
3. You _____________ (practise) a lot before you gave your speech. It was
really great.
4. When Lizzie got home yesterday, there were flowers on the table. Her
husband _____________ (buy) them.
5. Where is my purse? I saw it earlier, so it _____________ (be) in this room.
6. Sarah couldn’t find her glasses. She thought she _____________ (leave) them
at her office.
7. It _____________ (be) cold outside. That man in the street is wearing a coat.
8. All my plants _____________ (be) dead! I forgot to water them before I left
for my holiday.
9. Susie is so late! She _____________ (miss) the train.
10. There’s rubbish all over my garden! A fox _____________ (be) in the bin.
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tuesday, august 6th 2013

topic: perfect modals

Ability

We use 'can' and 'could' to talk about a skill or ability.

For example:

She can speak six languages.
My grandfather could play golf very well.
I can't drive

Obligation and Advice

We can use verbs such as 'must' or 'should' to say when something is necessary or unnecessary, or to give advice.

For example:

Children must do their homework.
We have to wear a uniform at work.
You should stop smoking.

Permission

We can use verbs such as 'can', 'could' and 'may' to ask for and give permission. We also use modal verbs to say something is not allowed.

For example:

Could I leave early today, please?
You may not use the car tonight.
Can we swim in the lake?

Habits

We can use 'will' and 'would' to talk about habits or things we usually do, or did in the past.

For example:

When I lived in Italy, we would often eat in the restaurant next to my flat.
John will always be late!

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thursday, august 8th 2013

topic: perfect modals

Perfect Modal Verbs

modal verb + have + past participle

Perfect Modal	Picture	sentence
could have _____ couldn't have _____ past ability		The boy could have done the dishes himself, but his father decided to help.
should have ____ shouldn't have ____ You did or didn't do something that was a good idea.		The girl shouldn't have spun around so many times. She fell down. spin: turn around many times. spin / spun / spun
would have ____ wouldn't have ____ past condition / past situation		This house of cards would have fallen over if the person who built it hadn't been so careful.
may have _____ may not have _____ past possibility		My grandfather may have used this camera when he was a young man, but I'm not sure.
might have ______ might not have _____ past possibility		Her mother might have put mustard on her sandwich. She hopes not.
must have ____ must not have ___ past probability. This indicates that something probably happened in the past.		They must have practiced a lot because they're very good musicians.